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Answer : CSF Leak Epidemiology: CSF leaks are broken into three main causes Craniofacial trauma: approximately 80% of cases 1 3% of blunt head and 9% of penetrating head trauma patients have CSF leaks Basilar skull fractures commonly occur with CSF leaks (up to 30%) Iatrogenic: approximately 16% of cases 1 3.8% Epub 2021 Sep 9.
Features Urticaria and pruritis Rapid onset (1-2 hours) IgE Dependent (Type I Hypersensitivity) Reactions An allergen cross-links two or more IgE molecules on mast cells or basophils and initiates a signal cascade leading to degranulation. Without the C1 inhibitor, the plasma-kallikrein-kinin system produces more bradykinin.
Worldwide, congenital syphilis complicates about 1 million pregnancies / year. Foles, 2024 ] In the US, from 2013-2018, cases increased from 362 to 1,306. Usually in 1st week of lif e Copious, white-ish drainage Teeming with spirochetes! gross ) Rash Occurs 1-2 weeks after rhinitis. 2024 Jan 16;17(1):e257694.
Patellar reflexes are 1+. 1, 2, 4, 9 Organophosphates are one of many types of insecticide and are used worldwide to manage crops. 1, 2 Symmetric sensorimotor axonopathy: leg cramping to extremity weakness and paralysis. 1, 2 Sensory > Motor neurons with predilection for long axons. Muscle tone is normal.
1-5 Farmers also treat sheep for parasites using OPs and may become symptomatic after exposure, an illness called Dipper’s Flu. 8 Intermediate syndrome Occurs 1 to 5 days after acute exposure in up to 40% on individuals. 7, 9 Often have absence of excessive cholinergic stimulation. 7 May lead to respiratory failure.
Success at intubation likely takes more time and practice than other procedures, as shown in recent research on ED residents and their success rate at intubating, measured as a function of their total number of intubations (See Figure 1). Introduction Airway management is a critical ED skill to master. Figure 7: (modified from Tanoubi 2009).
Answer : Neurosyphilis Introduction Neurosyphilis is a clinical manifestation of syphilis, a rapidly disseminating sexually transmitted infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum, and humans are the only known host [1] Neuroinvasion by the treponeme may occur in the days following primary infection and is often asymptomatic.
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